Emerging Technology Division
The Emerging Technology Division (ETD) identifies and analyzes emerging and foundational technologies that are essential to the national security of the United States, pursuant to Section 1758 of the Export Control Reform Act (ECRA) of 2018. For items identified pursuant to Section 1758, ETD assesses technology maturity, U.S. technology leadership, supply chain, and foreign availability of those items in coordination with subject matter experts, using all-source intelligence and analysis of global trade data. ETD routinely works with industry and private sector partners through the Emerging Technology Technical Advisory Committee (ETTAC).
ETD supports BIS’s authorities pursuant to Section 1758 of ECRA to establish appropriate controls on the export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) of emerging and foundational technologies that are essential to the United States. ETD supports the design of effective dual-use export controls for the United States, or the associated multilateral export controls regimes, while maintaining and promoting U.S. technological leadership and competitiveness.
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White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Critical and Emerging Technologies List (2024)
Critical and emerging technologies (CETs) are a subset of advanced technologies that are potentially significant to U.S. national security. In 2024, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) facilitated an extensive interagency deliberative process through the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) and in coordination with the National Security Council (NSC) which included subject matter experts from 18 departments and agencies, including BIS, and offices in the Executive Office of the President, who identified CET subfields that their home organizations determined may be critical to U.S. national security.
The following critical and emerging technology areas are of particular importance to the national security of the United States:
- Advanced Computing
- Advanced Engineering Materials
- Advanced Gas Turbine Engine Technologies
- Advanced and Networked Sensing and Signature Management
- Advanced Manufacturing
- Artificial Intelligence
- Biotechnologies
- Clean Energy Generation and Storage
- Data Privacy, Data Security, and Cybersecurity Technologies
- Directed Energy
- Highly Automated, Autonomous, and Uncrewed Systems (UxS), and Robotics
- Human-Machine Interfaces
- Hypersonics
- Integrated Communication and Networking Technologies
- Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Technologies
- Quantum Information and Enabling Technologies
- Semiconductors and Microelectronics
- Space Technologies and Systems
Section 1758 Controls – Unilateral
Count | Publication | Description |
1
| ECCN 0D521: Geospatial imagery “software” “specially designed” for training a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to automate the analysis of geospatial imagery and point clouds The U.S. Government pursued a multilateral control at Wassenaar and did not obtain consensus. This temporary control expired in January 2023. |
Section 1758 Controls – Multilateral
Count | Publication | Regime | Description |
46 | (Dec. 23, 2024) | Australia Group | ECCN 2B352.k: Instruments for the automated chemical synthesis of peptides (automated peptide synthesizers). Items are controlled for Chemical and Biological Weapons (CB) and Anti-terrorism (AT) reasons. |
42-45 | (Jan. 17, 2023) | Australia Group | ECCN 1C351.d: Four marine toxins (brevetoxins, gonyautoxins, nodularins and palytoxin). Items are controlled for CB and AT reasons. |
41 | (Aug. 15, 2022) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3D006: Electronic Computer Aided Design (ECAD) “software” “specially designed” for the “development” of integrated circuits having any Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor (GAAFET) structure. Items are controlled for National Security (NS) and AT reasons. |
39-40 | (Aug. 15, 2022) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3C001.e: Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) substrates for ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors ECCN 3C001.f. Diamond substrates for ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
38 | (Aug. 15, 2022) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 9E003.a.2.e.: Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) “development” and “production” technologies Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
37 | (Oct. 5, 2021) | Australia Group | ECCN 2D352: Nucleic acid assembler and synthesizer software that is capable of designing and building functional genetic elements from digital sequence data. Items are controlled for CB and AT reasons. |
36 | (Oct. 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 9A515.a.: Sub-orbital craft designed to operate above the stratosphere and land on Earth without completing an orbit. Items are controlled for NS, Regional Stability (RS) and AT reasons. |
35 | (Oct. 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 5D001.e: “Software”, other than that specified by 5D001.a or 5D001.c, “specially designed” or modified for monitoring or analysis by law enforcement. Items are controlled for NS, communications intercepting devices; software and technology for communications intercepting devices (SL), and AT reasons. |
34 | (Oct 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 5A004.b: "Systems," "equipment" and "components" for defeating, weakening or bypassing "information security” that 'extract raw data' from a computing or communications device; and Circumvent "authentication" or authorization controls of the device, in order to perform the function described above. Items are controlled for NS, Encryption Items (EI), and AT reasons. |
33 | (Oct. 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3E004: “Technology” “required” for the slicing, grinding and polishing of 300 mm diameter silicon wafers to achieve a `Site Front least sQuares Range' (`SFQR') less than or equal to 20 nm at any site of 26 mm x 8 mm on the front surface of the wafer and an edge exclusion less than or equal to 2 mm. Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
32 | (Oct. 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3D003: 'Computational lithography' "software" "specially designed" for the "development" of patterns on "EUV"-lithography masks or reticles. Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
31 | (Oct 5, 2020) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 2B001: Machine tools and any combination thereof, for removing (or cutting) metals, ceramics or “composites”, which, according to the manufacturer's technical specifications, can be equipped with electronic devices for “numerical control” Note 4: A machine tool having an additive manufacturing capability in addition to a turning, milling or grinding capability must be evaluated against each applicable entry. Items are controlled for NS, Nuclear Nonproliferation (NP), and AT reasons. |
30 | (June 17, 2020) | Australia Group | ECCN 2B352.b: Single-use biological cultivation chambers. Items are controlled for CB and AT reasons. |
6-29 | (June 17, 2020) | Australia Group | ECCN 1C350.d: twenty-four precursor chemicals, as well as mixtures in which at least one of these chemicals constitutes 30 percent or more of the weight of the mixture Items are controlled for CB and AT reasons. |
5 | (May 23, 2019) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 9A004: Space launch vehicles and “spacecraft,” “spacecraft buses”, “spacecraft payloads”, “spacecraft” on-board systems or equipment, terrestrial equipment, and air-launch platforms Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
4 | (May 23, 2019) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 6A001.a.2.a.6: Acoustic systems, equipment and “components” designed for operation at depths exceeding 1,000 m and having a `hydrophone sensitivity' better than −230 dB below 4 kHz Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
3 | (May 23, 2019) | Wassenaar Arrangement | 5A002: Post-quantum cryptographic asymmetric algorithms. Items are controlled for NS, EI, and AT reasons. |
2 | (May 23, 2019) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3D005: Software” “specially designed” to restore normal operation of a microcomputer, “microprocessor microcircuit” or “microcomputer microcircuit” within 1 ms after an Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) or Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) disruption, without loss of continuation of operation. Items are controlled for NS and AT reasons. |
1
| (May 23, 2019) | Wassenaar Arrangement | ECCN 3A001.b.3.f: Discrete microwave transistors rated for operation with a peak power output greater than 5 W (37.dBm) at all frequencies exceeding 8.5 GHz up to and including 31.8 GHz. Items are controlled for NS, RS, and AT reasons. |